Research

Civil-Ph.D. Syllabus

ENV-CWE-DSS-2022-23

ME-CWE-DSS-2022-23

EEE-CWE-DSS-2022-23

ECE-CWE-DSS-2022-23

EIE-CWE-DSS-2022-23

CISE-CWE-DSS-2022-23

Bio - CWE DSS-2022-23

PST-CWE-DSS-2022-23

Phy-CWE-DSS-2022-23

Chemistry-CWE-DSS-2022-23

Maths-CWE-DSS-2022-23

MCA-CWE-DSS-2022-23

MBA-CWE-DSS-2022-23

Unit-I: Materials and Construction Technology 

• Concrete materials and their properties.
• Properties of fresh and hardened concrete.
• Concrete mix design.
• Non-destructive testing of concrete.
• Special concretes.

Unit-II: Structural Engineering

• Structural Analysis – Degrees of static and Kinematic indeterminacies of beams, trusses, beams and frames, Concepts of Flexibility, Stiffness and Direct Stiffness methods.
• Reinforced Concrete – Limit state design of RC members, Loads and load combinations, Redistribution of moments.
• Steel structures – Loads on buildings and trusses, Rigid and Semi-rigid connections in industrial buildings, Vertical and lateral load resisting systems.

Unit-III: Geotechnical Engineering

• Clay mineralogy; Soil-water interaction.
• Index and Engineering properties of soils.
• Effective stresses in soils; Foundation settlements.
• Sub-soil exploration.
• Soil stabilisation.

Unit-IV: Transportation Engineering and Surveying

• Traffic engineering – Traffic studies, analysis and presentation.
• Highway geometric and pavement design.
• Highway materials – Requirements, properties and testing.
• Fundamentals of Surveying

Unit-V: Hydraulics and Water Resources Engineering

• Bernoulli’s theorem and its applications to incompressible fluid flow.
• Open channel flow.
• Fundamentals of surface and ground water hydrology.
• Water Resources Planning and Management.

Syllabus_PhD Entrance_2022 ENV

Unit 1

Design Engineering

 Mechanics of Materials: Stress and strain, elastic constants, Poisson’s ratio; Mohr’s circle for plane stress and plane strain; thin cylinders; shear force and bending moment diagrams; bending and shear stresses; deflection of beams; torsion of circular shafts; Euler’s theory of columns; energy methods; thermal stresses.

Theory of Machines: Displacement, velocity and acceleration analysis of plane mechanisms; cams; gears and gear trains; flywheels and governors; balancing of reciprocating and rotating masses; gyroscope.

Machine Design: Design for static and dynamic loading; Stress concentration factor, Factor of safety, failure theories; fatigue strength and the S-N diagram; principles of the design of machine elements such as bolted, riveted and welded joints; shafts, gears, rolling and sliding contact bearings, brakes and clutches, springs.

Unit 3

Thermal Engineering

Thermodynamics: Thermodynamic systems and processes; properties of pure substances, behaviour of ideal and real gases; zeroth and first laws of thermodynamics, calculation of work and heat in various processes; second law of thermodynamics; availability and irreversibility. Air compressors; vapour and gas power cycles, I.C. Engines: Air-standard Otto, Diesel and dual cycles.

Fluid Mechanics: Fluid properties; fluid statics, manometry, buoyancy, stability of floating bodies; Bernoulli’s equation; viscous flow of incompressible fluids, boundary layer, elementary turbulent flow.

Unit 4

Production Engineering

 Metrology and Inspection: Limits, fits and tolerances; linear and angular measurements; comparators; gauge design; interferometry; form and finish measurement; alignment and testing methods; tolerance analysis in manufacturing and assembly.

Engineering Materials: Structure and properties of engineering materials, phase diagrams, heat treatment, stress-strain diagrams for engineering materials, principles of powder metallurgy

 Casting, Forming and Joining Processes: Different types of castings, design of patterns, moulds and cores; solidification and cooling; riser and gating design. Principles of welding, brazing, soldering and adhesive bonding. Machining and Machine Tool Operations: Mechanics of machining; basic machine tools; single and multi-point cutting tools, tool geometry and materials, tool life and wear; economics of machining; principles of non-traditional machining processes.

Unit 5

Management Science

Management and administration, Roles of management, levels of management, modern management approaches, Planning, steps in planning and planning premises, Hierarchy of plans; Principles of organization, nature and importance of staffing. Cost accounting and methods of depreciation; break-even analysis, recruitment, selection, training and development, simplex method, duality and sensitivity analysis; transportation and assignment models; network flow models PERT and CPM, importance of entrepreneurship, Characteristics of successful entrepreneurs, Concepts and definition of small scale industries.

Unit 1:Electric Circuit Analysis

Nodal analysis, Mesh analysis.  Network theorems –Thevenin’s theorem, Norton’s theorem, Superposition theorem, Maximum power transfer theorem. Two-port networks. Three-phase circuit analysis. Power and power factor in A.C. circuits. Transient response of D.C. and A.C. networks. Coupled circuits. Sinusoidal steady state analysis. Series and parallel Resonance.

Unit 2: Measurements

Measurement standards, measurement system, characteristics, errors in measurements, Measurement of R, L, and C parameters. Extension of instrument range- Shunts and Multipliers. Current transformers and Potential transformers, Sensors and Transducers.

Unit 3: Analog Electronics and Digital Circuits

(a) Structure and characteristics of– diodes, BJT, MOSFET. Simple diode circuits: clipping, clamping, rectifiers. Amplifiers – biasing, equivalent circuit and frequency response.

Oscillators and feedback amplifiers. Operational amplifiers – characteristics and applications like simple active filters, VCOs, Monostable and Astablemultivibrators. Schmitt trigger, sample and hold circuits, A/D and D/A converters.

(b) Combinational and sequential logic circuits. Multiplexers, demultiplexer, Decoders-BCD decoders, Encoders. Adders and subtractors- Sequential Circuits: Basic bistable element, Latches, and Flip-flops, Registers, Counters

Unit 4: Microcontrollers and Embedded Systems

8051 Architecture,Addressing modes, instruction sets, timers and counters 8051 programming in C: and ALP, Interrupts, serial communication , interfacing 8051 with I/O devices. Introduction to embedded systems. Communication protocols like SPI, I2C, CAN.

 Unit 5: Signals, Systems and Processing Techniques:

Continuous-time Fourier transform, Discrete-time Fourier transform, Z-transform, Design of IIR and HR filters.

Unit 6: Field Theory and High Voltage Engineering:

(a) Coulomb’s Law. Electric Field Intensity. Electric Flux Density. Gauss’s Law. Divergence. Electric field and potential due to point, line, plane and spherical charge distributions. Effect of dielectric medium. Capacitance of simple configurations. Biot‐Savart’s law. Ampere’s law. Curl, Faraday’s law. Lorentz force. Inductance. Magnetomotive force. Reluctance. Magnetic circuits.

(b) Phenomenon of over voltages, types and impact on power system. Surge impedance. Tower top potential. Insulation coordination – basic impulse level, lightning arrestors and selection, voltage sharing. Breakdown phenomena in gaseous, liquid, and solid dielectrics. Corona. Generation of high voltage A.C. high voltage D.C. and high voltage impulses by different techniques. Techniques of measurement of high voltages and currents. Non-destructive insulation testing and high voltage tests on electrical apparatus. Applications of high voltage in electrostatic precipitators.

 Unit 7: Control systems

Basic control system components. Feedback principle. Mathematical modeling and representation of systems. Transfer function. Block diagram representation. Signal flow graph. Transient and steady-state analysis of LTI systems. Frequency response. Routh-Hurwitz and Nyquist stability criteria. Bode and root-locus plots. Lag, lead and lag-lead compensation. P, P-I, PI- D controllers. State variable model and solution of state equation of LTI systems.

Unit 8: Power Electronics

Characteristics of power semiconductor devices – BJT, SCR, MOSFET, IGBT. D.C. to D.C. conversion – Buck, Boost and Buck-Boost converters. Single and three-phase configuration of uncontrolled rectifiers. Line commutated converters. Single and three-phase configuration of controlled rectifiersBidirectional A.C. to D.C. voltage source converters. Issues of line current harmonics, power factor. Single phase and three-phase inverters. Voltage control of inverters: Sinusoidal pulse width modulation. Harmonic reductions, Current source inverters.

Unit 9: Electrical Machines

Single phase and three phase Transformers: Equivalent circuit, Open circuit and Short circuit tests. Voltage regulation and its significance. Parallel operation, Load sharing in case of similar and dissimilar transformers.

Synchronous generators: Synchronous generator on infinite bus-bars – General load diagram, Electrical load diagram, Power angle characteristic and synchronizing power. Open circuit and short circuit characteristics, Voltage regulation by EMF, MMF and ZPF. Load sharing.

DC Motors: Classification, Back emf, Torque equation, and significance of back emf, Characteristics of shunt, series and compound motors. Speed control of shunt, series and compound motors.

Three-phase Induction Motor: equivalent circuit, losses, efficiency, No-load and blocked rotor tests. Performance of the motor from the circle diagram and equivalent circuit. Cogging and crawling. Speed control by voltage frequency, and rotor resistance methods Starters

Unit 10: Power Systems and Switchgear

Power generation concepts. Introduction to solar photo voltaic systems, wind power systems.

A.C. and D.C. transmission concepts. Models and performance of transmission lines and cables. Electric field distribution and insulators. Distribution systems. Series and shunt compensation. Per‐unit quantities. Bus admittance matrix. Gauss-Seidel and Newton- Raphson methods of load flow. Voltage and frequency control. Power factor correction. Symmetrical components. Symmetrical and unsymmetrical fault analysis. Principles of overcurrent, differential and distance protection. Circuit breakers. System stability concepts. System stability concepts.

Circuit Breakers: Introduction, Fault Clearing Time of a Circuit Breaker, Arc Voltage, Arc Interruption, Restriking Voltage and Recovery Voltage, Current Chopping, Interruption of Capacitive Current, Classification of Circuit Breakers,

Unit 1: Electric Networks, Analog Electronics and Linear Integrated Circuits

Ohm’s law, Kirchoff’s voltage law, Kirchoff’s current law, Thevenin’s theorem, Norton’s theorem, maximum power transfer theorem, inductance, capacitance, passive ac network analysis, star and delta networks BJT CE, CB and CC amplifiers, re model, hybrid model, hybrid π model, low frequency analysis, high frequency analysis, negative feedback amplifiers, topologies of negative feedback, effect of negative feedback ,advantages of negative feedback, analysis of negative feedback amplifiers using BJT,  sinusoidal LC and RC  oscillators,  classification of power amplifiers, analysis of class A,B,AB  BJT power amplifiers , analysis of FET CS,CD and CG amplifiers BJT differential amplifier, block diagram of op-amp, characteristics of ideal and practical op-amps, inverting and non-inverting op-amp amplifier, op-amp differential amplifier, active filters, Linear applications of op-amp, nonlinear applications of op-amp, ADC, DAC, PLL, 555 timers.

 Unit 2: Control Systems and Digital Signal Processing

Laplace transform, Standard second order system, Time domain specification, Stability definition and tests, steady state error, root-locus, bode plot, gain margin and phase margin, PI, PID, phase-lead, phase-lag controller design. Z-transform of DT signals, Fourier Transform of DT signals, DFT, FFT: Decimation in time, Decimation in frequency approaches, FIR filter, IIR filter design.

 Unit 3: Communication and Computer Networks

Analog communications: amplitude modulation and demodulation, angle modulation and demodulation, spectra of AM and FM, superheterodyne receivers. Information theory: entropy, mutual information and channel capacity theorem. S-parameter. Digital communications: PCM, DPCM, digital modulation schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK, QAM), bandwidth, inter-symbol interference, ML detection, matched filter receiver, SNR and BER. Fundamentals of error correction, Hamming codes, CRC. Random processes: autocorrelation and power spectral density, properties of white noise, filtering of random signals through LTI systems. Computer Networks: Concept of layering, LAN technologies (Ethernet), switching. IPv4/IPv6, routers and routing algorithms (distance vector, link state). TCP/UDP and sockets, congestion control. Application layer protocols (DNS, SMTP, POP, FTP, HTTP). Basics of Wi-Fi. Network security: authentication, basics of public key and private key cryptography, digital signatures and certificates, firewalls.

Unit 4: Microcontrollers, Microprocessors and VLSI Circuits

Ideal and non-ideal characteristics of MOSFET, Static timing analysis of digital circuit, RISC-V, Pipelining, Cache memory, Basic computer and Controller Architecture its components, HDL Schematic and layout design using CAD tools, RTL to GDS-II flow (VLSI Design flow) Verification of VLSI circuits.

Circuits and Networks: KCL, KVL, Mesh analysis and Nodal analysis of DC/AC circuits, Star-deltanetworks, Thevenin’s, Norton’s, Superposition and maximum power transfer theorem.

Analog Electronics: JFET – Fixed bias, Self bias, Voltage divider bias configurations, source follower, common gate configuration, design of FET amplifier, E-MOS and D-MOS amplifiers.  General frequency considerations, low frequency response of BJT and FET amplifiers.  Concept of feedback, feedback topologies, basic principle of oscillators, RC, LC and crystal oscillators.

Linear Integrated Circuits: Op-amp characteristics, differential amplifier, adder, integrator, differentiator, monostable, bistable, astable multivibrators, voltage regulators, phase-locked loops.

Transducers and Instrumentation: Errors in measurement – Gross, systematic, absolute and relative errors, static and dynamic characteristics, calibration. Electrical transducers – Resistive, inductive, capacitive transducers, LVDT, Piezoelectric, Photoelectric, Temperature and Pressure transducers, Smart sensors, Micro sensors and MEMS. Actuators – Intelligent and self sensing, micro actuators.

Digital Electronics: Boolean algebra, logic gates, simplification of Boolean expression using K-maps, combinational circuits, flip flops, sequential circuits, registers and counters, comparators, encoders, multiplexers and de-multiplexers.

Microprocessors and Microcontrollers: 8086 architecture, instruction set, hardware and software Interrupts, DMA, 8051 microcontroller architecture and instruction set.

Digital Signal Processing: Z-transforms, DTFT, DFT Properties, FFT algorithms (decimation in time and frequency), Design of FIR and IIR filters, Filter structures.

Digital Image Processing: Relationship between pixels, intensity transformation functions, histogram processing, smoothing and sharpening spatial filters. Image compression –fundamentals, Image segmentation – thresholding and region based segmentation.

Control Systems: Transfer function, modelling of electrical, mechanical and electromechanical systems, stability, time and frequency domain analysis, PID controller design, Root-locus techniques, bode plot.

Analog/Digital Communication: Basic communication principles, channel theory, Amplitude and frequency modulation/demodulation, basics of antennas and receivers, PSK, PAM, PWM, AM-SSB, AM-DSB gain margin and phase-margin.

Linear Algebra: Matrices and determinants, Inverse of a matrix, rank of a matrix, consistency of a system of linear equations. Eigen values and Eigen vectors, Vector algebra, Vector spaces and subspaces.

Linear Algebra: Vectors and linear combination, dot product, solution of linear equations, inverse of a matrix, rank of a matrix.

Programming and Data structures: Programming Concepts in C, Arrays, Pointers, Functions, Dynamic memory allocation, Stacks, Queues, Linked lists, Trees and graphs.

Algorithms: Time and Space Complexity, Asymptotic notations, Algorithm design techniques, Searching, Sorting and hashing methods.

Computer Organization and Architecture: Machine instructions and addressing modes, Arithmetic Logic Unit, data‐path and control Unit, Instruction pipelining, Memory hierarchy: cache, main memory and secondary storage; I/O interface, pipelining and parallel processing.

Operating System: Processes, threads, inter‐process communication, concurrency and synchronization, Deadlock, CPU scheduling, Memory management.

Database Management System: File structure and Indexing (simple indexing, multilevel indexing, B and B+ trees), Database Architecture, Relational Algebra and Calculus, Query Optimization, Normalization, Structured Query Language (SQL), transaction management and concurrency control.

Software Engineering: Software Process models, Software Development Life Cycle, Agile Methods.

Computer Networks: Network Topology, Network Protocols, Digital transmission fundamentals, Switching, High level data link control, MAC Protocols, Routing Algorithms, Congestion control algorithms, Network security: authentication, basics of public key and private key cryptography, and firewall.

Unit 1: Basic concepts of Cell Biology and Microbiology
Cell and its types in Eukaryotes, cell and its organelles-structure and function, cell to cell communication, Cell cycle and its regulation, mitosis and meiosis, programmed cell death. Microscopy – Light & Electron, Pure culture Techniques, Sterilization Techniques, Morphology, Ultrastructure and Reproduction of Bacteria, Fungi & Viruses, Microbial nutrition, Microbial growth process.

Unit 2: Biochemistry and Biochemical Techniques
Carbohydrates and their classification, Amino acids and their classification, Peptide bond – Structure and conformation. Structure of proteins, naturally occurring peptides. Structure of Insulin, Ribonuclease and Myoglobin. Quaternary structure – Hemoglobin. Classification of lipids. Types of fatty acids, triglycerides, structure and biological activity. Principle and procedure of TLC, Ion-exchange Chromatography, Affinity Chromatography, HPLC, GLC. Introduction to spectroscopy, turbidometry, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, atomic spectrophotometry, Principles of Electrophoretic techniques: agarose and polyacrylamide, SDS-PAGE

Unit 3: Bioprocess Technology
Introduction to different bioreactors, Upstream processing, Media design and Sterilization, Inoculum development, Overview of Downstream processing, Primary separation techniques, Enrichment operations, Membrane based separation processes, Product separation techniques, Solid and waste water treatment techniques.

Unit 4: Immunology and Cell culture techniques
Innate & Adaptive Immunity, Cells & Organs of Immune System, Compliment and their activation, Immunoglobulin classes and sub classes, Antigens, Monoclonal antibodies, Elisa,
Western Blotting. Cellular totipotency, cytodifferentiation, organogenesis, media constituents and their importance, Explant selection and culture, embryo culture, Somatic embryogenesis, isolation and culture of single cell. Protoplast isolation, culture and fusion, media for culturing cells and tissues of animals, sterilization, primary culture, isolation of cell lines, culturing, developing and maintenance of different cell types and cryopreservation.

Unit 5: Molecular Biotechnology
Organization of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Chromosomes, Central Dogma, DNA Replication – Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic, Protein Synthesis – Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic, DNA damage & repair, Gene, restriction enzymes, Vectors in recombinant DNA technology: types of vectors and their applications, Methods of Nucleic acid hybridization, amplification, construction of genomic and C-DNA libraries, gene transfer techniques, transgenic technology in plant and animal improvement. Biological databases, sequence alignment methods and tools.

Unit 1: Physic and chemistry of polymers

Polymer science: Functionality, Classification of polymers, definition of polymerization chain polymerization (free radical, ionic and co-ordination polymerizations), step (condensation) polymerization, copolymerization, methods of polymerization (bulk. solution, Suspension, Emulsion.), degree of polymerization, polydispersity, molecular weight and molecular weight distribution, methods of measuring molecular weight, crystallinity, methods of measuring crystallinity, T_g and T_m (factors affecting on T_g and T_m.

Polymerization kinetics: Definition of reaction rate, order, molecularity, different theories of reaction rate, activation energy, kinetic expressions for simple first order & second order chemical reactions, kinetics of linear step reaction polymerization, kinetics of addition polymerization initiated by free radical initiator: steady state assumption.

Unit 2: Polymeric materials and compounding additives

Thermoplastic, thermoset and elastomers: Industrial production methods of, properties, applications of HDPE, LDPE, PP, PS, ABS, PMMA, Nylon 6 and Nylon 66, PET, PF, Epoxy, unsaturated polyester,  Natural rubber, SBR, NBR, EPDM, Silicone, Fluoro elastomers, IIR

Compounding additives: Antioxidants, fillers, crosslinking agents, accelerators, lubricants, process aids, flame retardants

Unit 3: Polymer blends and composites

Polymer blends: Reasons for blending, definitions of terms used in polymer blends and alloys, types of polymer blends, blend components’ selection criteria, methods of blending, fundamental principles for development of polymer alloys and blends, designing a polymer blend. Factors affecting miscibility of polymer blends, role of compatibilizer, compatibilization methods, degree of compatibilization, measurement of miscibility.

Polymer Composites: Definition, functions of constituent phases, classification of composites, advantages and limitations of polymer matrix composites over metal matrix and ceramic matrix composites, applications, thermoset and thermoplastic matrix materials, fiber reinforcements (natural and synthetic), coupling agents (role, types and chemistry/mechanism), processing of polymer composites

Unit 4: Processing of polymers

Processing polymers: Extrusion, Injection molding, blow molding Compression molding. Rotational moulding, thermoforming, Calendaring: Principle, procedure, types, molds and dies. Advantages, disadvantages and typical products. Troubleshooting (defects, causes and remedies).

Unit 5: Testing and characterization of polymers

Polymer testing and characterization: Mechanical properties (short and long term properties) Tensile, compression, impact, hardness, creep, stress relaxation, flex fatigue, abrasion, resilience.

FTIR, XRD, DSC, TGA, SEM and DMA: Principle, procedure, instrumentation and applications. Interpretation of analysis results.

 

References: Padma L Nayak, Polymer Science, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi,  1stEdn., 2005. Gowariker, V. R.; Viswanathan, N. V., Polymer Science; Wiley: New York, 1986. Seymour, R. B.; Carraher, Polymer chemistry: an introduction; 4th ed.; M. Dekker: New York, 1996. Young, R. J and P.A. Lovell, Introduction to polymers; Chapman and Hall: London, 1981. Anil Kumar, Fundamentals of Polymer Science and Engineering, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 1978. Billmeyer Fred W. JR. Textbook of Polymer Science, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1984. D V Rosato and D V Rosato. Reinforced Plastics Handbook, 3rd  Ed., Elsevier, UK, 2004. K KChawla. Composite Materials Science and Engineering, 2nd Ed., Springer publications, New York, 1998. R.P. Brown, Hand Book of Polymer Testing, Mercel Dekker, New York, 1998. 10.   Isayev, Injection molding and compression molding fundamentals, Marcel Dekker, 2010. Alan Griff, Plastics Extrusion Technology, Krieger Publishing Company, 1996. Rosato and Rosato, Blow Moulding Hand book, Hanser Publishers, 2010. Polymer characterization- Physical Techniques. D Campbell and J R White, Chapman and Hall, UK, 1989.

UNIT:1
Mathematical Methods of Physics & Classical Mechanics
Dimensional analysis; Vector algebra and vector calculus; Linear algebra, matrices, Cayley Hamilton theorem, eigenvalue problems; Linear differential equations; Special functions (Hermite, Bessel, Laguerre and Legendre); Fourier series, Fourier and Laplace transforms; Elements of complex analysis: Laurent series-poles, residues and evaluation of integrals; Elementary ideas about tensors; Introductory group theory, SU(2), O(3); Elements of computational techniques: roots of functions, interpolation, extrapolation, integration by trapezoid and Simpson’s rule, solution of first order differential equations using Runge-Kutta method; Finite difference methods; Elementary probability theory, random variables, binomial, Poisson and normal distributions.
Newton’s laws; Phase space dynamics, stability analysis; Central-force motion; Two-body collisions, scattering in laboratory and centre-of-mass frames; Rigid body dynamics, moment of inertia tensor, non-inertial frames and pseudoforces; Variational principle, Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalisms and equations of motion; Poisson brackets and canonical transformations; Symmetry, invariance and conservation laws, cyclic coordinates; Periodic motion, small oscillations and normal modes; Special theory of relativity, Lorentz transformations, relativistic kinematics and mass–energy equivalence.

UNIT:2
Electromagnetic Theory & Quantum Mechanics
Gauss’ Law and its applications; Laplace and Poisson equations, boundary value problems; Magneto-statics: Biot-Savart law, Ampere’s theorem, electromagnetic induction; Maxwell’s equations in free space and linear isotropic media; boundary conditions on fields at interfaces; Scalar and vector potentials; Gauge invariance; Electromagnetic waves in free space, dielectrics, and conductors; Reflection and refraction, polarization, Fresnel’s Law, interference, coherence, and diffraction; Dispersion relations in plasma; Lorentz invariance of Maxwell’s equations; Transmission lines and wave guides; Dynamics of charged particles in static and uniform electromagnetic fields; Radiation from moving charges, dipoles and retarded potentials.
Wave-particle duality; Wave functions in coordinate and momentum representations; Commutators and Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle; Matrix representation; Dirac’s bra and ket notation; Schrodinger equation (time-dependent and time-independent); Eigenvalue problems such as particle-in-a-box, harmonic oscillator, etc.; Tunneling through a barrier; Motion in a central potential; Orbital angular momentum, Angular momentum algebra, spin; Addition of angular momenta; Hydrogen atom, spin-orbit coupling, fine structure; Time independent perturbation theory and applications; Variational method; WKB approximation; Time dependent perturbation theory and Fermi’s Golden Rule; Selection rules; Semi-classical theory of radiation; Elementary theory of scattering, phase shifts, partial waves, Born approximation; Identical particles, Pauli’s exclusion principle, spin-statistics connection; Relativistic quantum mechanics: Klein Gordon and Dirac equations.

UNIT:3
Thermodynamic, Statistical Physics & Electronics
Laws of thermodynamics and their consequences; Thermodynamic potentials, Maxwell relations; Chemical potential, phase equilibria; Phase space, micro- and macrostates; Microcanonical, canonical and grand-canonical ensembles and partition functions; Free Energy and connection with thermodynamic quantities; First- and second-order phase transitions; Classical and quantum statistics, ideal Fermi and Bose gases; Principle of detailed balance; Blackbody radiation and Planck’s distribution law; Bose-Einstein condensation; Random walk and Brownian motion; Introduction to nonequilibrium processes; Diffusion equation.
Semiconductor device physics, including diodes, junctions, transistors, field effect devices, homo and heterojunction devices, device structure, device characteristics, frequency dependence and applications; Optoelectronic devices, including solar cells, photodetectors, and LEDs; High-frequency devices, including generators and detectors; Operational amplifiers and their applications; Digital techniques and applications (registers, counters, comparators and similar circuits); A/D and D/A converters; Microprocessor and microcontroller basics.

UNIT:4
Experimental Techniques and data analysis, Atomic & Molecular Physics
Data interpretation and analysis; Precision and accuracy, error analysis, propagation of errors, least squares fitting, linear and nonlinear curve fitting, chi-square test; Transducers (temperature, pressure/vacuum, magnetic field, vibration, optical, and particle detectors), measurement and control; Signal conditioning and recovery, impedance matching, amplification (Op-amp based, instrumentation amp, feedback), filtering and noise reduction, shielding and grounding; Fourier transforms; lock-in detector, box-car integrator, modulation techniques. Applications of the above experimental and analytical techniques to typical undergraduate and graduate level laboratory experiments.
Quantum states of an electron in an atom; Electron spin; Stern-Gerlach experiment; Spectrum of Hydrogen, helium and alkali atoms; Relativistic corrections for energy levels of hydrogen; Hyperfine structure and isotopic shift; width of spectral lines; LS & JJ coupling; Zeeman, Paschen Back & Stark effect; X-ray spectroscopy; Electron spin resonance, Nuclear magnetic resonance, chemical shift; Rotational, vibrational, electronic, and Raman spectra of diatomic molecules; Frank – Condon principle and selection rules; Spontaneous and stimulated emission, Einstein A & B coefficients; Lasers, optical pumping, population inversion, rate equation; Modes of resonators and coherence length.

UNIT:5
Condensed Matter Physics and Nuclear and Particle Physics
Bravais lattices; Reciprocal lattice, diffraction and the structure factor; Bonding of solids; Elastic properties, phonons, lattice specific heat; Free electron theory and electronic specific heat; Response and relaxation phenomena; Drude model of electrical and thermal conductivity; Hall effect and thermoelectric power; Diamagnetism, paramagnetism, and ferromagnetism; Electron motion in a periodic potential, band theory of metals, insulators and semiconductors; Superconductivity, type – I and type – II superconductors, Josephson junctions; Defects and dislocations; Ordered phases of matter, translational and orientational order, kinds of liquid crystalline order; Conducting polymers; Quasi crystals.
Basic nuclear properties: size, shape, charge distribution, spin and parity; Binding energy, semi-empirical mass formula; Liquid drop model; Fission and fusion; Nature of the nuclear force, form of nucleon-nucleon potential; Charge-independence and charge-symmetry of nuclear forces; Isospin; Deuteron problem; Evidence of shell structure, single- particle shell model, its validity and limitations; Rotational spectra; Elementary ideas of alpha, beta and gamma decays and their selection rules; Nuclear reactions, reaction mechanisms, compound nuclei and direct reactions; Classification of fundamental forces; Elementary particles (quarks, baryons, mesons, leptons); Spin
and parity assignments, isospin, strangeness; Gell-Mann Nishijima formula; C, P, and T invariance and applications of symmetry arguments to particle reactions, parity non-conservation in weak interaction; Relativistic kinematics

Unit-I

 Errors in Analytical Measurements: Measurement errors, absolute and relative error, determinate and indeterminate  errors.   Assessment   of   accuracy   and   precision.   Significance testing-t-F-and Q- tests, Calibration and linear regression. Acid-base titrations – indicators and applications. Complexation, precipitation and redox titrations. Gravimetry – conditions of precipitation, co-precipitation and post- precipitation,PFHS,Organic precipitating agents, Examples of gravimetric analysis.

Potentiometric Electrodes and Potentiometry: Indicator and reference electrodes, glass pHelectrode, Ion-selective electrodes, Solid-state ISFET electrodes, Direct potentiometry and potentiometric titrations.

Electrogravimetry: Effect of current on cell potential, Ohmic potentials; IR drop, Polarization effects. Electrogravimetric methods – Electrogravimetry without potential control, controlled potential electrogravimetry, Instrumentation and applications.

Thermal Methods of Analysis: Thermogravimetry, Differential thermal analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, Thermomechanical analysis, Evolved gas analysis and Thermometric titrations.

Atomic Spectrometric Methods: Flame emission spectrometry and Atomic absorption spectrometry.

Chromatography: Principles, Classification of chromatographic techniques, Theory of column efficiency in chromatography. Gas Chromatography: Performing GC separations, GC columns and detectors, temperature selection, Quantitative measurements, Head space analysis, Thermal desorption, purging and trapping, GC-MS.

Liquid Chromatography: HPLC – Principles, Stationary phases, Equipment for HPLC. HPLC method development, Fast liquid chromatography, LC-MS. Thin Layer Chromatography: Principles, methodology, instrumentation and applications. Capillary chromatography and Capillary gel electrophoresis.

 Unit-II

Chemical Periodicity: Important periodic properties of theelements, covalent radii, ionic radii, ionization potential, electron affinity and electronegativity.

Bonding: Chemical bonding in homo- and heteronuclear molecules, including shapes of molecules (VSEPR Theory), MO Theory.

Concepts of Acids and Bases: Lux-Flood and solvent system concepts. Hard-soft acids and bases.

d-block and f-block Elements: General properties, comparison of 3d, 4d and 5d elements. Spectral and magnetic properties of compounds  of  actinides  in  comparison  with  those  of  lanthanides  and d-  blockelements.

Coordination Compounds: Preparation of complex compounds, Stability of complexions in solution, Coordination number and geometry, Bonding in coordination compounds, Electronic spectra and magnetic properties. Reactions of coordination compounds.

Organometallic Compounds: Fundamental concepts, Preparation, structure and bonding in metal carbonyls (nickel, cobalt, iron and manganese), nitrosyls, alkene and ferrocene.

Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis: Alkene hydrogenation, the Wacker process, Monsanto acetic acid process and water-gas shift reaction and Ziegler-Natta catalysis.

 Unit-III

IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds, Structure and Reactivity: Acids and bases, Structural effects on acidity and basicity, Hydrogen bonding, Resonance, Inductive and hyperconjugation effects, Concepts of aromaticity. Stereochemistry: Principles, Conformational analysis, Isomerism, Chirality. Aromaticity.

Reaction Intermediates: Carbocations, Carbanions, Free radicals, Carbenes, Nitrenes, Nitrogen, sulphur and phosphorousylides.

Pericyclic reactions: electrocyclisation, cycloaddition, sigmatropic rearrangements and other related concerted reactions. Principles and applications of photochemical reactions in organic chemistry.

Reaction Mechanisms: Mechanism of aliphatic and aromatic nucleophilic and electrophilic substitution reactions, Elimination reactions, Addition reactions.

Heterocyclic Chemistry: Synthesis, typical reactions and applications of 3-,4-,5-,6-membered and fused ring systems.

Oxidation and Reduction: Oxidation with chromium and manganese compounds, Peroxides, Peracids, Lead tetraacetate, Periodic acid, OsO₄, SeO₂, NBS, Chloramine-T, Sommelet oxidation, Oppenauer oxidation; Catalytic hydrogenations, Wilkinson’s catalyst, Bakers yeast, LiAlH₄, NaBH₄, Birch reduction, Leukart reaction, Hydroboration, Meerwein- Ponndorf-Verley reduction, Wolf-Kishner reduction, Clemenson reduction.

Molecular Rearrangements: involving carbon to carbon, carbon to nitrogen and miscellaneous rearrangements.

Reagents: Gilmann reagent, DCC, DDQ, Crown ethers, LDA, Ziegler-Natta catalyst, Diazomethane, Stannous chloride, Sharpless epoxidation, Woodward and Prevost hydroxylation, Peterson reaction, Reformatsky reaction, dithiane, Wittig reaction.

Named Reactions: Mechanism and synthetic applications of aldol condensation, Claisen-Schmidt, Perkin, Cannizaro’s, Michael addition and Robinson’s annulations reactions.

Structure determination of organic compounds by IR, UV-Vis, ¹H & ¹³C NMR and Mass spectroscopic techniques.

 Unit-IV

 Electrochemistry: Debye-Huckel theory of strong electrolytes, Debye-Huckel-Onsager equation, Theories of electrical double layer, Concentration cells, Liquid junction potential, Over voltage, Conductometric and potentiometric titrations, Transport numbers, Corrosion inhibition & prevention.

Chemical Kinetics: Arrhenius equation, Energy of activation & its determination, Order of reaction, parallel, consecutive & reversible reactions. Simple collision and activated complex theory, Effect of temperature, pressure and catalyst on rates of reactions, Langmuir’s theory of surface reactions. Chain reactions, Linear free energy relationship, Hammett & Taft equations.

 Thermodynamics: Concept of entropy & free energy, Helmholtz and Gibbs free energies, Maxwell relations, Third law of thermodynamics, Partial molar properties, Chemical potential, Gibb’s Duhem equation, Fugacity, Raoult’s law & Henry’s law, Heat capacity of solids, Phase rule & its applications, Principle of equipartition of energy, Relation between thermodynamic probability & entropy, Maxwell- Boltzman distribution equation, partition function.

Quantum Chemistry: Plank’s Quantum theory, Bohr’s model of H atom, deBroglie equation, Heisenberg Uncertainty principle, operators, Schrodinger wave equation for particles.

Nuclear Chemistry: Radioactive decay, Half life, Liquid drop nuclear model, Definition of curie, Magic number, alpha and beta decay, Binding energy, Oppenheimer-Phillips process, Spallation reactions, Bethe’s notation, Nuclear reactions.

Basic Concepts of Molecular Symmetry and Group Theory: Symmetry elements and symmetry operations, Correlation of Schoenflies and Hermann-Maugin symbols for symmetry elements, Multiplication tables for the symmetry operations of simple molecules, Properties and definition of group theory, Point groups of simple molecules

 Unit-V

Environmental Chemistry: Air pollution, types of air pollutants; control of air and water pollution Depletion of ozone in the stratosphere. Causes and remedial measures. The green-house effect and its consequences. Water technology: DO, BOB, COD, Total Hardness, anions in water, Acid rain, photochemical smog. Treatment of sewage and industrial effluents. Desalination of water. Disposal of radioactive wastes.

Chemistry of natural products: Carbohydrates, proteins and peptides, fatty acids, nucleic acids, terpenes, steroids and alkaloids. Biogenesis of terpenoids and alkaloids.

Bioinorganic chemistry: photosystems, porphyrins, metalloenzymes, oxygen transport, electron-transfer reactions; nitrogen fixation, metal complexes in medicine.

Polymer Chemistry: Classification of polymers, types of polymerization reaction, Molecular weight of polymer, Glass transition temperature, Adhesives, Elastomers, Biodegradable polymers, conducting polymers, photoconducting polymers and applications.

 Chemistry in nanoscience and technology: Classification, synthesis and application of nanomaterials.

 Chemical Fuels: Classification, GCV, NCV, Octane and Cetane number, petroleum cracking, reforming of petrol, prevention of knocking and antiknocking agents.

Real Analysis: Real number system as a complete ordered field, Finite, countable and uncountable sets,Bounded and unbounded sets, Archimedean property, Supremum, Infimum, Limits, Continuity, Differentiability, Maclaurin & Taylor series, Definition of a sequence, Theorems on limits of Sequences, Bounded and monotonic sequences, Cauchy’s convergence criterion, Series of non-Negative terms, Comparison test, Ratio test Leibnitz’s theorem, Absolute convergence. Bolzano-Weierstrass theorem, Heine Borel theorem, Continuity, Uniform continuity, Differentiability, mean value theorem, sequences & series of functions, Point wise convergence, Limit superior, limit inferior, Uniform convergence, fuemann sums and Riemann integral,proper integrals, Monotonic functions, types of discontinuity, functions of bounded variations, Lebesgue outer measure, Lebsegue measure and Lebsegue integration, Riemann and Lebesgue Integrals.

Algebra: Divisibility in the set of integers, congruences, Groups, Sub groups, Permutation groups, Cyclic groups, Lagrange’s theorem and its consequences, Normal subgroups, Quotient groups, Group homomorphism, Kernel of a homomorphism, Fundamental theorem of homomorphism of groups, Group isomorphism, Cayley’s theorem, Rings, Ideals, Maximal ideals, Prime ideals, Domains & fields, Ring homomorphism, Ring isomorphism & related theorems, Quotient rings. Polynomial rings, irreducibility criteria Basic concepts related to extension of fields.

Linear Algebra: Vector spaces, Sub spaces, linearly dependent & linearly independent vectors, Basis, Dimension, Linear transformation, Matrix representation of a linear transformation, Rank & Nullity theorrm. Finite dimensional vector spaces, Existence theorem for basis, Quotient space and its dimension. Rank of a matrix, Eigen values & Eigen vectors. Change of basis, Canonical forms, Diagonal forms, Triangular forms, Jordan forms, Quadratic forms, reduction and classification of quadratic forms, Orthogonal transformations, Unitary transformations, Positive semi definite matrices, Semi definite matrices.

Discrete mathematics: Propositional and first-order logic. Sets, relations, functions, partial orders, and lattices. Groups. Graphs: connectivity, matching, coloring. Combinatorics: counting, recurrence relations, generating functions.

Complex analysis: Algebra of complex numbers, The complex plane, Polynomials, Power series, Continuity and Differentiability of a function of a complex variable, Analytic functions, Cauchy Riemann equations, Harmonic functions, Mobius transformations. Transcendental functions such as exponential, Trigonometric and Hyperbolic functions, Contour integrals, Cauchy’s theorem, Cauchy’s integral formula, Liouville’s theorem, Maximum  modulus principle, Schwarz lemma, Open mapping theorem, Taylor series, Laurent series, calculus of residues, conformal mappings.

Differential Equations : Existence and uniqueness of solutions of initial value problems for first order mappings differential equations. Second order linear differential equations. Variation of parameters. Systems of linear equations. Solution by matrix method, Sturm-Liouville problem. First and second order partial differential equations. Method of separation of variables for Laplace, heat and wave equations.

Mathematical Methods: Laplace Transform, Fourier Transform, Fourier Integrals and series, Legendre Polynomials, Bessel Functions.

Topology:  Topological spaces, metric spaces, Neighbourhoods, Limit points, Interior points, OpenSets, closed sets, Closure and interior, Boundary points, Subspace of a metric space, CauchySequences, Completeness, Cantor’s intersection theorem, continuity, convergence,Homeomorphism, compactness, connectedness, separation axioms, first and second countability,Separability, subspaces, product spaces.

Functional Analysis: Normed linear spaces, Inner product spaces, Orthonormal basis, Spaces of continuousFunctions, Quotient space, Conjugate space, Banach spaces, Hahn-Banach theorem, Open Mapping and Closed graph theorem, Principle of uniform boundedness, boundedness and Continuity of linear transformations, dual spaces, embedding in the second dual, Hilbert spaces, projections, orthonormal bases,  Bessel’s inequality, Parseval’sidentity.

Mathematical Foundations

Introduction to Statistics and Probability: Statistics data and frequency, Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion, Correlation and Regression Analysis. Probability: Sample Spaces, Events, The Multiplication Rule, Permutation and Combination. Relations and Functions: Cartesian products and Relations, Properties of Relations, Functions: types of functions.

Data Structures and Algorithms

Data Structures: Introduction to Abstract Data Types: Abstract Data Types, The stack as an ADT, Infix, Prefix, Postfix conversions, The Queue as an ADT, Circular Queue, Priority Queues(Heaps), Linked List, Doubly Linked List, Dictionaries, Hash Functions, Trees as an ADT, Binary Search Tree, Introduction to Graphs.

Algorithms: Review of Algorithms Analysis Techniques, Notion of Algorithm, Fundamentals of Algorithmic Problem Solving, Analyzing an Algorithm, Coding an Algorithm, Fundamentals of the Analysis of Algorithm Efficiency, Orders of Growth, Worst-Case, Best-Case, and Average-Case Efficiencies, Asymptotic Notations and Basic efficiency classes, Informal Introduction, O-notation, Ω -notation, Θ -notation, Useful Property Involving the Asymptotic Notations, Mathematical analysis of Recursive and Non-recursive algorithms, Sorting and Searching algorithms and its analysis.

Computer Networks

The OSI Model; OSI Versus TCP/IP, Lack of OSI Model’s Success, Introduction to Physical Layer, Digital Signals, Transmission Impairment, Three Methods of Switching, Efficiency, Delay, Packet Switching, Datagram Networks, Virtual Circuit Networks. Data Link Layer, Framing, Flow and error control, Network Layer : Services, Packetizing, Routing and Forwarding, Packet Switching, Datagram Approach. Network Layer Performance: delay Throughput, Packet loss, Congestion Control, IPv4 addresses, Address space, classful addressing, classless addressing, Dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP), Network Address Resolution (NAT), Internet protocol (IP). Transport Layer – Protocols, Port Numbers, User Datagram Protocol. Transmission Control Protocol: TCP Services, TCP Features, Segment. Application Layer: Introduction to Application Layer, Services, Application-Layer Paradigms, Client-Server Architecture.

Operating Systems Management:

Process Management and Mutual Execution, Security Issues, Processes and Threads, Symmetric Multi-processing (SMP), Microkernels. CPU Scheduler and Scheduling. Principles of Concurrency, Mutual Exclusion: Hardware Support, Semaphores, Monitors, Message Passing, Readers/Writes Problem. Principles of Deadlock, Deadlock Prevention-Avoidance-Detection-Strategy. Memory Management: Swapping, Contiguous Memory Allocation, Paging, Segmentation, Segmentation with Paging, demand paging Process Creation, Page Replacement, Allocation of Frames, Thrashing.

Relational Database Management System:

Relational Model :Relational Model and Relational Algebra: Relational Model Concepts,  Schema, Transactions, Dealing with Constraint, Relational operations, Relational Algebra Operations from Set Theory. SQL: Queries in Relational Database, nested queries, triggers, views, authorization, tuple relational calculus.

Object Oriented Programming concepts  with C++:

Introducing C++ Classes, Basic OO concepts, Declaration of variables, Reference variables, Operators in C++, Manipulators, Type cast operator, Expressions and their types, Special assignment expressions, Implicit conversions, Class and Objects, Operator Overloading, Operator precedence, Control structures, Friend function, Function Overloading, Operator Overloading, Inheritance, Constructors and Destructors, Exception handling.

Software Engineering:

Introduction: Professional Software Development Attributes of good software, software engineering diversity, IEEE/ ACM code of software engineering ethics, case studies. Software Process models: waterfall, incremental development, reuses oriented, Process activities; Coping with change, The rational Unified process. Agile methods, Plan-driven and agile Development, Extreme Programming, Agile project management, Scaling agile methods

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Poymer Science (Science stream) - PhD entrance exam syllabus (1)

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BT- Scienc stream entrance exam syllabus 2023-24

Module 1 Management: Definition, nature, purpose and functions. Principles of management. Planning: nature-type-steps; Organizing: Organization structure, span of management, centralization, decentralization. Staffing:-overview. Directing and controlling, MBO, Personality: definition-traits-determinants. Perception; Meaning, factors influencing perception, perception and decision making, Motivation, theories of motivation.

Module 2 Quantitative Techniques for Management: Measures of central tendency, measures of dispersion, correlation and regressions, hypothesis, hypothesis testing.

Module 3 Marketing Management: Meaning-importance – PLC, Consumer behavior, Marketing management process, Marketing mix, demand forecasting.

Module 4 Human Resource Management: definition, nature, scope-managerial and operative functions of HRM, Job analysis, Job Description and Job analysis.

Module 5 Financial Management: Definition, scope, functions, objectives, Time value of money, Ratio Analysis.